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The UPA as superstring
The positive and negative UPAs are mirror images of each other, their ten whorls each making five clockwise revolutions in the former and five anticlockwise revolutions in the latter. According to Leadbeater, who made a special study of the structure of the UPA, each whorl is a helical coil with 1680 circular turns, so that the UPA comprises 16800 turns of 10 helical coils. The helical nature of whorls was depicted in Babbitt's picture of the UPA (see here). We can feel certain that this number was not miscounted because Leadbeater checked it by counting the number of turns in a whorl in 135 different UPAs.* Each circular turn, or so-called "1st-order spirilla," is another coil made up of seven smaller, circular turns, or "2nd-order spirillae," which wind around a torus.
Fun with the torus
Each 2nd-order spirilla is another helical coil with seven still smaller turns, or "3rd-order spirilla," and so on. Leadbeater noticed seven orders of spirillae, each finer than the preceding one and made up of seven circular turns that form a turn of the next lower order of spirilla. Each spirilla winds in a circle whose plane is perpendicular to the direction in which the preceding order of spirilla winds at that point. According to Leadbeater, the 7th-order spirilla consists of seven spherical "bubbles" spaced evenly along the circumference of a circle. The diagram below, taken from the third edition of Occult Chemistry apart from the added text, depicts the helical winding of the fifth, sixth and seventh orders of spirillae. Rather than a soap bubble, whose film has both an inner and an outer surface, the bubbles making up the last order of spirilla are more like bubbles of air in a liquid, which have only one surface. Leadbeater said that space is filled with an invisible plenum or substance akin to the aether much loved by Victorian physicists before Einstein effectively banished it with his Special Theory of Relativity. Calling it "koilon,"** he claimed that both types of UPA are ultimately composed of bubbles or holes in this substance. In other words, the fundamental building blocks of matter are really a kind of void, an absence of the all-pervasive koilon. The bubbles seemed to contain nothing, as far as Leadbeater's highest magnifying powers could discern. Drawing an analogy with air bubbles (admittedly, not a perfect one because such bubbles still contain air), Leadbeater remarked: "Just as the bubbles are not water, but precisely the spots from which water is absent, so these units are not koilon but the absence of koilon — the only spots where it is not — specks of nothingness floating in it, so to speak, for the interior of these space-bubbles is an absolute void to the highest powers of vision that we can turn upon them."*** Leadbeater was saying, effectively, that the basic units of matter are made up of myriads of infinitesimally-small pockets of empty space, holes in a physical vacuum that is permeated by some kind of homogenous field, whose nature he could not discern.
In a minor whorl, every spirilla of a given order is composed of seven spirillae of the next higher order, so that 100 nth-order spirillae consist of 700 (n+1)th-order spirillae. However, in the case of major whorls, Leadbeater noticed that 100 nth-order spirillae consist of 704 (n+1)th-order spirillae. In other words, four extra spirillae of the next higher order are present in every 100 spirillae of a given order. This addition continues in the same proportion for every order of spirilla up to the 7th-order spirilla, every 100 of which consist of 704 bubbles in koilon, whereas in a minor whorl every 100 7th-order spirillae comprise 700 bubbles because each 7th-order spirilla is a set of seven bubbles spaced evenly along a circle. Instead of being composed of exactly seven circular turns, each order of spirilla in a major whorl consists of 7.04 turns, an nth-order spirilla winding an extra 1/25th of a revolution by the time it forms 25 turns. The presence of extra spirillae of every order above the 1st-order spirillae is what made the major whorls appear thicker to Besant & Leadbeater. Every 25 nth-order spirillae in a minor whorl are composed of 175 (n+1)th-order spirillae, whereas in a major whorl they consist of 176 (n+1)th-order spirillae. A simple calculation based upon this information shows that the UPA contains approximately 14 billion bubbles, each major whorl having about 56 million more bubbles than a minor whorl. The number 1680 is, of course, not exactly divisible by 25, which means that the augmentation cannot be uniform everywhere along the length of a major whorl. Instead, there must be 67 sections of 25 1st-order spirillae, each composed of 176 2nd-order spirillae, and five remaining 1st-order spirillae that are composed of 175 2nd-order spirillae.
When we compare Leadbeater's description of the whorls and their spirillae with the picture of closed bosonic and heterotic superstrings discussed earlier, as well as with the 6-dimensional torus model of the compactified space that string theorists have considered, the following remarkable similarities emerge:
WHORL |
STRING |
1. Closed curve; | 1. Closed curve; |
2. A circular (n+1)th-order spirilla winds seven times
around a circular |
2. Winds Nn times around nth circular
dimension (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Nn = winding number for nth compactified dimension; |
3. (n+1)th-order spirillae wind in circles whose planes are
at right angles |
3. Compactified 6-d torus has 6 perpendicular, circular dimensions. |
These correspondences indicate that:
The fourth feature of the basic unit of matter, namely, having a ten-fold structure, has profound religious and scientific significance. It will be discussed in the sections on sacred geometries and explained in the section 4-d sacred geometries.
As further evidence of the string-like nature of the UPA, compare the research paper below, written in 1982 by Michael Green, one of the principal developers of superstring theory, with a page from the third edition of Occult Chemistry in which Leadbeater described at least 74 years earlier the nature of a whorl (analogous sentences are underlined):
Leadbeater described here the six mutually orthogonal circles of a 6-torus, one of the 6-dimensional, compact spaces that string theorists have used as a model to explore various mathematical formulations of superstring theory. Notice how, in the last underlined sentence, Leadbeater likens all the bubbles in koilon to "an enormous circle of the tiniest imaginable dots lying like pearls upon an invisible string" (author's italics). Leadbeater uses the very word "string" as a metaphor for what he observed. He thereby declared† about 74 years before this word started to appear in the journals of theoretical physics that the basic building blocks of matter revealed by micro-psi have a string-like nature! How can anyone dismiss this as yet another coincidence? Admittedly, the UPA is a bundle of ten closed curves, not a single one, as string theorists currently conceive superstrings to be. But the as yet undiscovered M-theory will have many new surprises, including the prediction that superstrings are constituents of quarks, not quarks themselves, and this compositeness of superstrings will be among them. It will be seen that the whorl is to the superstring as the superstring is to the hydrogen atom, namely, both are ten-fold systems, the sacred-geometrical reason for which is analyzed in depth in this website.
The sizes of each compactified dimension are defined by the radii of the circular spirillae. Leadbeater did not estimate their relative sizes (or, if he did, he did not specify them in any of the published investigations). Nor did he indicate whether successive orders of spirillae decrease by a constant or variable proportion. This would have been difficult to judge because any sense of relative size might have been lost when he shifted the focus of his micro-psi vision from the perspective of one compactified dimension to that of another. As he warned in Occult Chemistry, its diagrams are not to scale. They could never be so because of the wide disparity in sizes of, say, hydrogen triplets (quarks) and hydrogen triangles (nucleons). Nevertheless, it is significant vis-à-vis higher-dimensional theories of particle physics that Besant & Leadbeater reported their awareness of an aspect of the UPA which is higher-dimensional in the strict, mathematical sense of this word. Referring to the three major whorls and seven minor whorls, they said: "Each of the three coarser whorls, flattened out, makes a closed circle; each of the seven finer ones, similarly flattened out, makes a closed circle. The forces which flow in them again come from 'outside,' from a fourth-dimensional space."††
In conclusion, the resemblance of the whorls of the UPA to closed strings and the similarity
between the six mutually perpendicular orders of circular spirillae and the six orthogonal circular dimensions of
the 6-torus — one of the many models of the 6-dimensional, compactified space predicted by superstring
theory — are too close to have the conventional explanation that they are due to chance. Rather, this
remarkable correspondence has no more credible explanation than that heterotic superstrings (it turns out that
they were E8×E8 heterotic superstrings) were described paranormally over a century
ago. Any alternative that appeals to lucky coincidence sacrifices credibility for the sake of scientific
respectability. That is unacceptable. The skeptic might retort that a paranormal explanation is no more acceptable.
Well, that is so for him, but only because he is ideologically committed to a materialist's belief in
a universe where the paranormal cannot exist. For those who think this attitude is unscientific because it
prejudges the truth, objective, empirical evidence must always trump personal ideology or
philosophy.
"I, however, who have been so inspired and broadened in my outlook by this work, and have also followed the work of scientists, know that the investigations into Occult Chemistry will be the most lasting contribution to knowledge which the Theosophists of these generations will have made. For, as the generations pass, our main Theosophical ideas will be professed by the whole world. But there will always remain, as a wonder for centuries to come, this magnificent work, which lifts a tiny corner of the veil which hides from man the Face of the Grand Geometrician." |
*
Occult Chemistry, 3rd edition, p. 23.
** A Greek word, meaning 'hollow.'
*** Occult Chemistry, 3rd ed., p. 17.
† The page appearing in the 1952 edition was reproduced from the 1908 edition of Occult
Chemistry.
†† Ibid., p. 14.